Apple M1

The Apple M1 is an ARM-based (SoC) designed by Apple. The first to be designed exclusively for the Mac line of computers, the M1 was introduced by Apple during a special event on November 10, 2020 for the MacBook Air, 13-inch MacBook Pro, and Mac mini.

Specifications
Apple described the M1 as being fabricated through a 5nm process with 16 billion transistors. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is built onto the package and is shared through Apple's unified memory architecture (UMA) to eliminate the need to copy data from the CPU to GPU, which are both part of the package. DRAM must be ordered in advance in 8 or 16GB configurations.

The 8-core CPU contains four high-performance cores and four high-efficiency cores, similiar to the architecture used by mobile devices for power efficiency. The GPU contains 8 cores for graphics, though only 7 are activated in the entry-level MacBook Air. The Neural Engine contains 16 cores for machine learning performance. A Thunderbolt 3 and USB4 controller is included on the chip. It also includes its own Secure Enclave, a security feature previously controlled in Macs by a separate Apple T1 or T2 chip.

Performance and compatibility
Apple advertises 3.5x faster performance running native software over previous models. Compatibility with Intel software is provided through Rosetta 2 emulation, though at reduced speed. The first operating system from Apple to support the M1 is macOS Big Sur, which can also natively run iPadOS applications on the M1.

results indicate that the M1 processor in the latest MacBook Air is operating at a base of 3.2GHz, delivering performance comparable to that of an entry-level Intel Xeon-based 3rd generation Mac Pro, faster than an Intel Core i9-based 16-inch MacBook Pro, and nearly double the multicore performance of an Apple A14.